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Morphology

P 10-20m

Ecology

hill and mountain

Chorology

European

Xylem

Distinct rings, semi-ring porous, often >50-90 µm in diameter, vessels solitary and in small groups, ray-vessel pits with large horizontal apertures, simple perforations simple or scalariform, thin-walled tylosis, fibers thin to thick-walled, fibers with large pits, parenchyma apotracheal-diffuse, rays homocellular, 3->10 seriate, with prismatic crystals in ray cells.

Xylem-Code

See annex

Phloem

Tangential layers alternating with, parenchyma cells, sieve cells collapse in the second year, sclereids in large, irregular groups, a prismatic crystals and crystal druses.

Explanations

For explanations please see the Feature Characteristics.

© 2005 WSL - F. Schweingruber, W. Landolt, last update 18.11.2010

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