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Morphology

liana

Ecology

hill and mountain zone

Chorology

E-Asian

Xylem

Mostly indistinct rings, diffuse porous, big vessels like in ring porous species, often >200µm in diameter, vessels in groups, simple perforations, intervessel ray-pits mostly horizontal scalariform, intervessel pits scalariform, frequently transitions between opposite and scalariform, fibers thick walled, parenchyma paratracheal, ray width 3-6 cells, heterocellular wit 4-many square and upright cells, ray height >1mm, with many prismatic crystals in ray cells.

Xylem-Code

See annex

Phloem

Tangential layers of sieve cells and big, round, parenchyma cells, rectangular groups of sclereids in tangential rows, with ray dilatations, crystal druses in lateral ray cells, bundles of rhaphides in idioblasts in rays.

Explanations

For explanations please see the Feature Characteristics.

© 2005 WSL - F. Schweingruber, W. Landolt, last update 18.11.2010

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