Comment le réchauffement climatique affecte-t-il les plantes – et donc les fonctions et services cruciaux que nous fournissent les écosystèmes terrestres ? J'ai travaillé sur cette question tout au long de ma carrière scientifique.

Dans ma thèse de doctorat à l'Université de Lorraine et au centre INRAE Grand Est-Colmar, en France, j'ai étudié comment la diversité des écosystèmes forestiers affecte l'équilibre en eau et en carbone des arbres. Je me suis particulièrement intéressée à la résistance des forêts aux événements extrêmes tels que les sécheresses. Pendant mon postdoctorat au Los Alamos National Laboratory aux États-Unis, je me suis ensuite intéressée à la capacité d’adaptation des forêts à l’exacerbation des sécheresses par des températures élevées.

Depuis 2018, je mène des recherches au WSL avec le soutien du programme de financement « Ambizione » du Fond national suisse de la recherche scientifique. J'étudie comment les arbres répondent à un climat plus chaud et plus sec et comment la combinaison de différentes espèces pourrait en atténuer les impacts néfastes.

J'ai été nommée nommée professeure assistante tenure-track à l'EPFL et au WSL en septembre 2019. Je dirige le groupe de recherche Écologie végétale fonctionnelle et à partir du 1er mars 2020, le site WSL de Lausanne, dont les membres composeront le groupe PERL à l'EPFL.

Projects

During periods of low water availability, trees differently modulate C and H2O fluxes to balance photosynthesis, growth, and other metabolic activities. However, we still do not know how increased vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and reduced soil water availability periods affect whole-tree hydraulics.

Using advanced dendrometer technology, we aim to unravel drought stress and growth patterns in European forests. By developing new analysis methods and leveraging a network of research sites, it seeks to pinpoint areas most vulnerable to drought across Central Europe.

Sind potenziell zukunftsfähige Arten, die hitze- und trockentolerant sind, auch genug frosttolerant? Wir untersuchen, wie sich wärmere Winter auf die Frosthärte verschiedener, aktuell als zukunftsfähig eingestufter Baumarten auswirken.

This project aims to holistically understand and quantify nitrogen fluxes across and within compartments to predict the effects of energy transition and environmental changes from other drivers and provide stakeholders and policymakers with informed possible outcomes of future scenarios.

Mit dem VPDrought-Experiment werden die Einflüsse und Auswirkungen von Luft- und Bodentrockenheit auf den Wald wissenschaftlich untersucht. Der weltweit erstmalige Versuch in dieser Kombination und Qualität wird im Pfynwald auf der bereits bestehenden Forschungsfläche der WSL umgesetzt.

Our project combines high-resolution field measurements, modelling and participatory workshops in the fields of plant ecology, atmospheric chemistry and social urban science. We expect our work to lead to the elaboration of feasible nature-based solutions strategies for our cities where environmental, sociocultural, and infrastructural factors are fully co-considered.

We critically lack leaf temperature assessments because of the difficulties associated with these measurements. The project aims at developing a novel approach that reconstructs leaf temperature over multiple time scales using plant water isotopes.

We will use a hierarchical cross-scale approach that spans plant physiology, remote sensing, and community ecology to assess the physiological and ecological processes that underpin forest temperature regulation during hotter droughts. The work will take place at the Model Ecosystem Facility (MODOEK) and in Saillon (Valais).

The invasion of ecosystems by non-native species is one of the largest threats for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. To control the spread of non-native plants, it is crucial to understand by which mechanisms they outperform native vegetation.

Das Projekt untersucht, wie gut zukunftsfähige Baumarten während der Verjüngungsphase in einem Klima mit wärmeren Wintern und heiss-trockenen Sommermonaten wachsen, wie sie sich gegenseitig beeinflussen und welche Auswirkungen ihre Präsenz auf den Boden und die darin lebenden Organismen hat.

The project aims at understanding the physiological traits driving the competitive strength of the non-native windmill palm in insubric forests. The work takes place in 6 sites in Spain, France and Switzerland.

We evaluate the potential of thermal imaging with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to detect drought stress in Pinus sylvestris in a long-term irrigation experiment in the Pfyn forest in Valais (southern Switzerland).

This project explores the specific impact of VPD and temperature increase on tree water use and mortality. It also investigates the potential damages of using X-ray MicroCT to track embolism in living trees.

This research aims to gain a mechanistic understanding of the role of tree species interactions on tree plastic physiological responses to heat and drought stress. It combines an experimental climate manipulation with tree seedlings and fieldwork in a mature forest subjected yearly to hot droughts.

Which are the main mechanisms conveying adaptation on the organ and whole tree level, how fast does acclimation occur and how long is an acclimation potential sustained?

Ziel des Projektes ist es, die physiologischen Prozesse zu bewerten, durch die sich Bäume in einem sich ändernden Klima anpassen und miteinander interagieren, die Folgen dieser dynamischen Prozesse für die physiologischen Reaktionen der Bäume auf klimatische Belastungen zu bestimmen und unser Verständnis dieser Auswirkungen auf langfristige Verschiebungen im internen Kohlenstoff- und Wasserkreislauf der Bäume zu verbessern.

In this project we will assess the physiological processes by which trees adjust and interact among each other under a changing climate, determine the consequences of these processes on forest responses to climatic stresses and improve our understanding of these effects on forests functioning at a large comprehensive scale.

Publications

Bachofen C., Tumber-Dávila S.J., Mackay D.S., McDowell N.G., Carminati A., Klein T., … Grossiord C. (2024) Tree water uptake patterns across the globe. New Phytol. 242, 1891-1910. doi:10.1111/nph.19762 Institutional Repository DORA

Blondeel H., Guillemot J., Martin-StPaul N., Druel A., Bilodeau-Gauthier S., Bauhus J., … Baeten L. (2024) Tree diversity reduces variability in sapling survival under drought. J. Ecol. 112(5), 1164-1180. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14294 Institutional Repository DORA

Decarsin R., Guillemot J., le Maire G., Blondeel H., Meredieu C., Achard E., … Martin-StPaul N. (2024) Tree drought–mortality risk depends more on intrinsic species resistance than on stand species diversity. Glob. Chang. Biol. 30(9), e17503 (15 pp.). doi:10.1111/gcb.17503 Institutional Repository DORA

Didion-Gency M., Vitasse Y., Buchmann N., Gessler A., Gisler J., Schaub M., Grossiord C. (2024) Chronic warming and dry soils limit carbon uptake and growth despite a longer growing season in beech and oak. Plant Physiol. 194(2), 741-757. doi:10.1093/plphys/kiad565 Institutional Repository DORA

Didion‐Gency M., Deluigi J., Gisler J., Juillard T., Schaub M., Tuñas‐Corzon A., Grossiord C. (2024) Reduced soil moisture drives leaf anatomical shifts more than chronically elevated temperatures in European temperate trees. Plant Biol. doi:10.1111/plb.13745 Institutional Repository DORA

Dubois E., Cherif S.M.A., Abidine M.M., Bah M.F.O., Chenal J., Marshall M., … Perona P. (2024) Nature-based solution enhances resilience to flooding and catalyzes multi-benefits in coastal cities in the Global South. Sci. Total Environ. 928, 172282 (13 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172282 Institutional Repository DORA

Gauthey A., Kahmen A., Limousin J.M., Vilagrosa A., Didion-Gency M., Mas E., … Grossiord C. (2024) High heat tolerance, evaporative cooling, and stomatal decoupling regulate canopy temperature and their safety margins in three European oak species. Glob. Chang. Biol. 30(8), e17439 (15 pp.). doi:10.1111/gcb.17439 Institutional Repository DORA

Gauthey A., Bachofen C., Chin A., Cochard H., Gisler J., Mas E., … Grossiord C. (2024) Twenty years of irrigation acclimation is driven by denser canopies and not by plasticity in twig- and needle-level hydraulics in a Pinus sylvestris forest. J. Exp. Bot. 75(10), 3141-3152. doi:10.1093/jxb/erae066 Institutional Repository DORA

Hu W., Bachofen C., Li Y., Zhu L., Zhao P., Grossiord C. (2024) Soil warming alters tree water use and canopy stomatal conductance in a mixed subtropical forest. Agric. For. Meteorol. 353, 110073 (12 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110073 Institutional Repository DORA

Juillard T., Grossiord C., Conedera M., Deluigi J., Pezzatti G.B., Bachofen C. (2024) Invasive palms have more efficient and prolonged CO2 assimilation compared to native sub-Mediterranean vegetation. For. Ecol. Manag. 556, 121743 (9 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2024.121743 Institutional Repository DORA

Kofel D., Bourgeois I., Paganini R., Pulfer A., Grossiord C., Schmale J. (2024) Quantifying the impact of urban trees on air quality in Geneva, Switzerland. Urban For. Urban Green. 101, 128513 (12 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128513 Institutional Repository DORA

Mas E., Vilagrosa A., Morcillo L., Saurer M., Valladares F., Grossiord C. (2024) Drought effects in Mediterranean forests are not alleviated by diversity-driven water source partitioning. J. Ecol. 112(9), 2107-2122. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14387 Institutional Repository DORA

Mas E., Cochard H., Deluigi J., Didion-Gency M., Martin-StPaul N., Morcillo L., … Grossiord C. (2024) Interactions between beech and oak seedlings can modify the effects of hotter droughts and the onset of hydraulic failure. New Phytol. 241(3), 1021-1034. doi:10.1111/nph.19358 Institutional Repository DORA

Mas E., Vilagrosa A., Morcillo L., Valladares F., Grossiord C. (2024) Mixing oak and pine trees in Mediterranean forests increases aboveground hydraulic dysfunctions. Plant Biol. doi:10.1111/plb.13716 Institutional Repository DORA

Mekarni L., Cochard H., Lehmann M.M., Turberg P., Grossiord C. (2024) In vivo X-ray microtomography locally affects stem radial growth with no immediate physiological impact. Plant Physiol. 196(1), 153-163. doi:10.1093/plphys/kiae285 Institutional Repository DORA

Novick K.A., Ficklin D.L., Grossiord C., Konings A.G., Martínez-Vilalta J., Sadok W., … McDowell N.G. (2024) The impacts of rising vapour pressure deficit in natural and managed ecosystems. Plant Cell Environ. 47(9), 3561-3589. doi:10.1111/pce.14846 Institutional Repository DORA

Vallicrosa H., Johnson K.M., Gessler A., Etzold S., Ferretti M., Waldner P., Grossiord C. (2024) Temperature and leaf form drive contrasting sensitivity to nitrogen deposition across European forests. Sci. Total Environ. 955, 176904 (9 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176904 Institutional Repository DORA

Bachofen C., Poyatos R., Flo V., Martínez‐Vilalta J., Mencuccini M., Granda V., Grossiord C. (2023) Stand structure of Central European forests matters more than climate for transpiration sensitivity to VPD. J. Appl. Ecol. 60(5), 886-897. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.14383 Institutional Repository DORA

Gauthey A., Bachofen C., Deluigi J., Didion-Gency M., D'Odorico P., Gisler J., … Grossiord C. (2023) Absence of canopy temperature variation despite stomatal adjustment in Pinus sylvestris under multidecadal soil moisture manipulation. New Phytol. 240(1), 127-137. doi:10.1111/nph.19136 Institutional Repository DORA

Peters R.L., Steppe K., Pappas C., Zweifel R., Babst F., Dietrich L., … Kahmen A. (2023) Daytime stomatal regulation in mature temperate trees prioritizes stem rehydration at night. New Phytol. 239(2), 533-546. doi:10.1111/nph.18964 Institutional Repository DORA

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