variation across sites
time series
temporal and spatial variation
coniferous trees
all
Picea abies
Abies alba
Pinus mugo arborea
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus cembra
needle class
1
2
deciduous trees
all
Carpinus betulus
Quercus petraea
Quercus cerris
Quercus sp
Quercus robur
Fagus sylvatica
Quercus pubescens
concentrations [mg/g]
nitrogen
phosphorus
sulphur
calcium
magnesium
potassium
other variables
organic carbon [%]
aluminium [ppm]
manganese [ppm]
iron [ppm]
carbon to nitrogen ratio [-]
nitrogen to phosphorus ratio [-]
nitrogen to potassium ratio [-]
nitrogen to magnesium ratio [-]
dry weight of 1000 needles [g]
dry weight of 100 leaves [g]
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1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
2023
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The dotted lines delimit the range of normal nutrition after Mellert & Göttlein (2012). Masses and concentrations were determined on foliar material dried at 65°C. Bars indicate the standard error of the mean
1,2,,ntot,2019,,Picea abies,Abies alba,Pinus mugo arborea,Pinus sylvestris,Pinus cembra,allNadel,,ntot